Causes of Skin Cancer is very important to understand given that the cancer is one type of cancer that is most often found, about one out of five Americans suffer from skin cancer each year. Reported cases of skin cancer increased over the years along with the increase of risk factors and carcinogens in our environment. Among the three types of cancer, namely basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma, melanoma is a type of skin cancer is the most dangerous and can cause death.
Stem cells are not always guilty
So far scientists assume, that in the case of skin cancer is always caused by stem cells that have mutations. The stem cells of normal skin, the skin growth usually set on a regular basis. If they are mutated, ie, if the genes changed, it can begin to trigger the uncontrolled development.
Yet cancer researchers who are members of a team led by Cédric Blanpain can show, that the reprogramming, the cells are normal and healthy can turn into cancer cells, and it is not only related to stem cells.
Martin Sprick of the German Cancer Research Center in Heidelberg estimates that cancer can form in two ways. First through the normal cells and second through stem cells. "Differences origins can also be the cause, why the various tumor showed typical signs differently.
Obstinacy tumors can be tracked
If the normal skin cells reprogrammed, they gradually approach the condition is almost the same as embryonic stem cells.
Actually embryonic stem cells in the embryo terjdapat only. The cells are still able to form all kinds of tissue cells in the human body and its job is to repair the damage in the tissue cells. Adult stem cells, which are found in the body after birth, among others, also in leather, just the opposite may turn out to be a particular network. Therefore, adult cells can also more easily develop into cancer than embryonic stem cells.
But if the skin cells reprogrammed into a kind of embryonic stem cells, cell-cell origin of cancer and tumor tissue regeneration also can execute well. This explains why the networks have overcome cancer often survive. Because the reprogramming of cancer cells to grow more rapidly.
Cellular processes successfully explained
Belgian scientists also may indicate that the origin of cancer cells can only turn into cancer cells, if a biochemical signaling pathway called Wn / ß-catenin is active. This means, a number of specific proteins mengirimr messages to these cells.
If the signal path was blocked in a focused, one can prevent, the development of tumor stem cells are reprogrammed, which is now so skin cells are similar to stem cells.
Anti-cancer cream
Cedric Blanpain of the Free University of Brussels hope, in the future may develop a skin cream, which block signaling pathways that trigger cancer in cells. One can add that kind of material blocking the sun protection cream. It is also virtually no side effects, other than perhaps hair loss on certain body parts. The problem in terms of aesthetics, is not necessarily bad.
Hope Blainpain not too far from reality. Since the beginning of 2012 existing drugs in pill form, which is to stem what are called the Hedgehog signaling pathway. The pill is given to patients who suffer from severe stage of skin cancer. The pill is proven to help almost 50 percent of patients undergoing therapy. But these pills also affect the entire body and therefore have side effects is quite high.
Therefore, the development beige used locally is an important step in preventing and overcoming cancer, said cancer researcher Martin Sprick.
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